On the Mark
Florence Hazrat
A history of punctuation from Ancient Egypt to the emoticon.
Read. Listen. Teach. Play.
Follow a mark a little further.
Start with the free materials here, explore a book or podcast, or follow the references attached to each mark in the field guide.
Interactive periodic table of punctuation: explore the marks and open their stories and audio.
Field guide: examples, history and sources, mark by mark.
Teacher resources: printable classroom charts, mark cards and a classroom activity.
Beta games: Mind the Mark, Tone Lock and Ask Better Questions. Free to play while testing continues.
The eight-mark hunt: explore the site to unlock chart and wallpaper downloads. Teachers can get the classroom pack without the hunt.
Outside work for readers who want more history and more arguments about tiny marks. These are separate from the mark-by-mark citations below. Links do not imply an endorsement from the authors or publishers.
Florence Hazrat
A history of punctuation from Ancient Egypt to the emoticon.
Keith Houston
The history of punctuation, symbols and other typographical marks.
David Crystal
The story of English punctuation.
Cecelia Watson
A closer look at one mark and the arguments around it.
M. B. Parkes
An introduction to the history of punctuation in the West.
Lynne Truss
A lively guide to punctuation and its pitfalls.
Standing on Points: A Cultural History of Punctuation: a punctuation podcast by Florence Hazrat.
Word of Mouth: On the Mark, Punctuation: BBC Radio 4.
A Way with Words: a radio show and podcast about language.
Shady Characters: Keith Houston's writing about the marks and symbols we use.
These are the references already attached to individual marks in the field guide, gathered in one place. Open a mark in the guide to read the claim in context. Sources include original records, scholarship, journalism and general reference works. They are not all the same kind of evidence.
Outside sites may change, require a subscription or restrict access. A reference link is not permission to copy its text or images.
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